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Peptides A–Z
40 peptides, each with what it is, its regulatory status, and every article we have written about it.
5-Amino-1MQNot a peptide: a small-molecule NNMT inhibitor that reduced fat and improved muscle in mice; no human trials have been published.Metabolic · 1 articleAOD-9604A 16-amino-acid fragment of growth hormone that cut fat in rodents; human trials found it safe but failed to show meaningful weight loss.Metabolic · 1 articleARA-290An 11-amino-acid peptide modelled on part of erythropoietin; three small phase 2 trials showed nerve-fibre regrowth, with weaker evidence on pain.Immune · 1 articleB7-33A stripped-down, single-chain version of the hormone relaxin-2 that reduces scarring in rodent heart and lung models; it has never been given to people.Recovery · 1 articleBPC-157A 15-amino-acid peptide with a large rat literature on tendon, gut and wound healing, but only three tiny uncontrolled human reports.Recovery · 3 articlesCagrilintideA long-acting amylin analogue tested alone in phase 2 and with semaglutide (CagriSema) in phase 3 trials; investigational, not yet approved.Metabolic · 1 articleCerebrolysinAn injectable mixture of peptides and amino acids from pig brain; large stroke trials and Cochrane reviews find little or uncertain benefit.Cognitive · 1 articleCJC-1295A long-acting GHRH analogue that raised growth hormone and IGF-1 in two small 2006 human studies; development stopped soon after, and no outcome trials exist.Hormones · 2 articlesCortagenA four-amino-acid peptide derived from a Russian brain extract. Its research is a handful of small rat and mouse studies, with no published human trials.Cognitive · 1 articleDSIPA nine-amino-acid peptide isolated from rabbits in 1977; small 1980s insomnia trials gave conflicting results and no gene or receptor has been found.Sleep · 1 articleEpitalonA four-amino-acid synthetic peptide based on a pineal extract; the human data are old, small and almost all from one Russian research group.Longevity · 1 articleFollistatin-344A natural myostatin- and activin-binding protein; the only human data come from small gene-therapy trials, not from injecting the protein.Hormones · 1 articleFOXO4-DRIA designed senolytic peptide that kills senescent cells in mice and cell culture. It has never been tested in a human trial.Longevity · 1 articleGHK-CuA copper-binding tripeptide found in human blood; small topical skin and ulcer trials exist, but no human trials support injecting it.Skin · 1 articleGlutathioneThe body's main antioxidant tripeptide. Oral forms can raise blood levels modestly; skin-lightening evidence is small and short-term, and IV use carries real risks.Longevity · 1 articleGonadorelinSynthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, identical to the body's own; well studied as a pituitary test and as pump therapy for hypothalamic infertility.Hormones · 1 articleIGF-1 LR3An engineered IGF-1 variant made to dodge its binding proteins; built as a cell-culture reagent and never tested in a published human trial.Hormones · 1 articleIpamorelinA five-residue ghrelin-receptor agonist from Novo Nordisk that releases growth hormone; human data are one dosing study and one failed surgical trial.Hormones · 1 articleKisspeptinThe hypothalamic signal that switches on GnRH release; small human trials show it can trigger egg maturation in IVF, but it is not an approved drug.Hormones · 1 articleKPVThe last three amino acids of alpha-MSH, anti-inflammatory in mouse colitis and cell studies; no published human trial exists.Immune · 1 articleLarazotideAn oral tight-junction peptide tested in hundreds of coeliac patients; its Phase 3 trial was stopped in 2022 after an interim look.Immune · 1 articleLL-37The only human cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide; topical wound trials were mixed and the largest, a 148-patient Phase 2b, failed.Immune · 1 articleMelanotan I & IISynthetic α-MSH analogues that darken skin; afamelanotide (MT-I) is approved for a rare light-sensitivity disease, while Melanotan II was never approved.Skin · 2 articlesMOTS-cA 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA; it improved metabolism and fitness in mice, but no human dosing trial has been published.Metabolic · 1 articleNAD+A coenzyme, not a peptide. Oral precursors reliably raise blood NAD+ in trials, but health benefits are small and inconsistent; IV NAD+ is barely studied.Longevity · 2 articlesOS-01A topical 'senotherapeutic' skin peptide; small 12-week human trials, all run by the company that owns it, report modest barrier and hydration gains.Skin · 1 articleOxytocinA nine-amino-acid hormone licensed as an injection for labour and postpartum bleeding; nasal-spray trials for trust and autism have mostly not held up.Hormones · 1 articlePNC-27An experimental p53-derived peptide that kills cancer cells in dishes and mice; it has never been tested in a human clinical trial.Basics & safety · 1 articlePT-141A melanocortin-receptor peptide approved in the US for low sexual desire in premenopausal women; phase 3 gains were small and nausea affected 40%.Hormones · 2 articlesRetatrutideAn investigational weekly GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist from Eli Lilly with published phase 2 and phase 3 trials; not yet approved anywhere.Metabolic · 2 articlesSelankA seven-amino-acid tuftsin analogue developed in Moscow as an anxiolytic; human data are a few small, open Russian trials with no placebo arm.Cognitive · 1 articleSemaglutideA long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist and licensed medicine, backed by large randomised trials for weight, diabetes, heart and kidney outcomes.Metabolic · 6 articlesSemaxA seven-amino-acid fragment of ACTH capped with Pro-Gly-Pro, used as a nasal drug in Russia; human evidence is small, mostly unblinded stroke studies.Cognitive · 1 articleSermorelinThe first 29 amino acids of human GHRH; once FDA-approved for short children with GH deficiency, with only small, short studies in older adults.Hormones · 1 articleSS-31A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide with several human trials; FDA-approved only for Barth syndrome, after most other trials missed their main goals.Longevity · 1 articleTB-500A synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4; the full protein has small eye-drop and wound trials, while the fragment itself has no published human data.Recovery · 3 articlesTesamorelinA stabilised GHRH analogue approved in the US to reduce excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV, backed by two phase 3 trials of 806 people.Hormones · 2 articlesThymosin alpha-1A 28-amino-acid thymus peptide sold as a drug in some countries; heavily trialled, but the largest modern trials in sepsis and hepatitis C were negative.Immune · 1 articleThymulinA zinc-dependent thymus hormone. People have been measured for it for decades, but giving it as a treatment has barely been tested in humans.Immune · 1 articleTirzepatideA weekly GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, licensed for diabetes and weight management, with large randomised trials showing about 20% average weight loss.Metabolic · 4 articles